Quantum computing with networked ion traps youtube. Pdf architecture for a largescale iontrap quantum computer. Chip ion trap for quantum computing from 2011 at nist. Unlike classical computing, where the basic unit of information the bit takes a definite value of 1 or 0, the quantum unit of informa tion, the qubit, can exist in two states at once, meaning it can rep. We will discuss the application characteristics further in section 4. Phononmediated entanglement for trapped ion quantum. F urther milestones in iontrap quantum computing were then. Transport of quantum states and separation of ions in a dual rf trap m.
Progress and prospects provides an introduction to the field, including the unique characteristics and constraints of the technology, and assesses the feasibility and implications of creating a functional quantum computer capable of addressing realworld problems. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the united states government. All control and measurement are performed optically. We trap ions to investigate various aspects of quantum physics and quantum information. Demonstration of the qccd trappedion quantum computer. Landsman, kenneth wrighta,b, and christopher monroea,b,e,1 ajoint quantum institute, department of physics, university of maryland, college park, md 20742. They should not to be taken to indicate in any way. An arbitrarily large quantum computer may best be constructed using a modular approach.
The ion trap has a single quantum register, consisting of a number of qubits. University of washington trapped ion quantum computing. The two most common types of ion trap are the penning trap, which forms a potential via a combination of electric and. Ion trap approaches quantum information processing. System must be scalable 19 september 2018 building blocks for quantum computing patrick dreher 2. Similarly, in the qccd approach to trapped ion quantum processing, the ions are transported through arrays, adding motional excitation that limits gate fidelity. The first proposal for iontrap quantum computation involved confining a string of ions in a single trap, using their electronic states as qubit logic levels, and. Instead, an electric field oscillating at radio frequency rf is applied, forming a potential with the shape of a. An increasingly large scientific and industrial community is working toward the realization of such a device.
Nov 30, 2004 a hybrid quantum computing scheme is studied where the hybrid qubit is made of an ion trap qubit serving as the information storage and a solidstate charge qubit serving as the quantum processor, connected by a superconducting cavity. Quantum optics and quantum information experiments boulder, innsbruck, oxford, c. John bollinger, nist, boulder co monday, july 2, 11. Microwave ion trap devices can either use nearfield microwaves or farfield microwaves both are being explored by nqit researchers.
Codesigning a scalable quantum computer with trapped. Pdf quantum computing with trapped ions researchgate. The notion of running computers based on the mechanics of quantum systems was rst proposed by richard feynman in 1982 as a proposed solution to the increasing. Microcoded architectures for iontrap quantum computers. In this forwardlooking overview, we show how a modular quantum computer with thousands or more qubits can be engineered from ion crystals, and how the linkage between ion trap qubits might be. Trapped ion quantum computers the national academies press. An introduction to quantum computing using trapped cold ions. Trapped ion quantum computer tiqc special topics in computer science. Ion trap approaches to quantum information processing and quantum computing a quantum information science and technology roadmap part 1. Pdf among the numerous types of architecture being explored for quantum computers are systems utilizing ion traps, in which quantum bits qubits are.
Currently, lasercontrolled quantum logic is the most mature technology of any quantum computing platform, with 99. However, one in particular stands out as providing. Quantum computation roadmap quantum information science and. Together with the ions excellent quantum memory capabilities, trapped ions are thus an excellent system to investigate experimental quantum information processing. Quantum computing, one must introduce the notion of a qubit. Integrated visible photonics for trappedion quantum. Design and operation of the trapped ion quantum computer tiqc. Quantum computing with trapped ions university of california. To date, trapped ions are at the forefront of quantum computation, as they fulfill most of the divincenzo criteria. Implementing segmented ion trap designs for quantum computing. Nuclear magnetic resonance approaches to quantum information processing and quantum computing.
Introduction the spin up and down states of an electron form the archetypal twolevel system in quantum physics and make the electron a natural candidate for realizing a quantum bit. The development, status, and challenges of ion trap quantum com puting are. The electrodynamic ion trap currently used in trapped ion quantum computing research was invented in the 1950s by wolfgang paul who received the nobel prize for his work in 1989. Cite and study the decoherence, coupling and scalability of the hybrid system. An ion trap is a combination of electric or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles, often in a system isolated from an external environment. General quantum computing terminology and necessary requirements the conventional architecture for quantum computing is the circuit model 3. An introduction to quantum computing using trapped cold ions march 10, 2011 contents 1 introduction 1. An evaluation framework and instruction set architecture for. Conventionally, in surfaceelectrode ion traps all electrodes are built in a single plane by standard microfabrication techniques 10. In addition, we built a mechanical analogue of an ion trap for pedagogical purposes, and we provide an analysis of its trapping potential and compare it to a real ion trap, the paul trap. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Integrated visible photonics for trappedion quantum computing.
Iontrap technologies are suitable for building largescale. Charged particles cannot be trapped in 3d by just electrostatic forces because of earnshaws theorem. The user must be able to extract a final measurement from the state of the qubits at the conclusion of the quantum computing program 4. Oct 25, 2000 ion trap quantum computing with warm ions. Ions, or charged atomic particles, can be confined and suspended in free space using electromagnetic fields. Trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing qc. We demonstrate a duallayered silicon nitride photonic platform for integration into planar ion traps designed for trapped ion control in a 400 to 1100 nm wavelength range. Phononmediated entanglement for trapped ion quantum computing. Trapped atomic ions are a very promising candidate for the realization of a universal quantum computer, having demonstrated robust, highfidelity state preparation and readout 2, 4, highfidelity universal gate operations 2, 5, 6, and long qubit coherence times 2, 7. Multilayer ion trap technology for scalable quantum. Single ion imaging and fluorescence collection with a parabolic mirror trap,chen. The number of qubits in the register is equal in the simplest case, which is all we will consider to the number of ions trapped. Ion trap approaches to quantum information processing and quantum computing. The typical ion trap geometry for quantum information purposes is the linear radio frequency rf paul trap, in which nearby electrodes hold static and dynamic electrical potentials that lead to an effective harmonic confinement of the ions, like a bowl full of mutually repelling marbles.
Trappedion quantum computing aip publishing scitation. Architecture for a largescale iontrap quantum computer. Quantum computing with trapped ions quantum device lab. Jan 17, 2018 here is the solution that nqit, the networked quantum information technologies hub, is working on.
Welcome to the ion trap group at uc berkeley department of physics, university of california, berkeley berkeley nanosciences and nanoengineering institute. A crucial feature of trapped ion based quantum computers is the. An evaluation framework and instruction set architecture. A detailed account of the fundamental issues of ion trap quan. This paper is designed to serve as an introduction to quantum computing to a person having some background in quantum mechanics and algebra. Iontrap technologies are suitable for building large. Currently a major focus is the construction of a series of photonicallylinked ion traps which will be the unit cells of a simple quantum information processor, as part of the networked quantum information. Introduction to ion trap quantum computing university of.
Welcome to the university of washington trapped ion quantum computing group page. Quantum computing in cryogenic systems ion trapping, superconducting circuits, fluorescence background quantum computing promises to deliver major advances in a wide variety of fields including simulations of the natural world, virtual quantum experiments, quantum cryptography, data communication systems, and new pharmaceutical drug search and design. It will considerably simplify the practical implementation of largescale. Limitations on the size of the processor number of quantum bits and speed of operation switchingrate are discussed. Linkea,b,1, dmitri maslovc, martin roettelerd, shantanu debnatha,b, caroline figgatt a,b, kevin a. The qubits are magneticfieldinsensitive pairs of states in the hyperfinesplit s 1 2 2 ground level of each atom, which gives a qubit frequency of 12. The concept of using ion transport on microfabricated trap arrays to realize an ion trap quantum. The availability of a universal quantum computer may have a fundamental impact on a vast number of research fields and on society as a whole. The development and theory of an experiment to investigate quantum computation with trapped calcium ions is described.
Architecture for a scalable iontrap quantum computer. We focus our attention on ion trap based designs because they appear to be the most promising in terms of a near term ability to deliver a system with 10s to 100s of qubits. A physical process by which quantum logic gates may be applied in an ion trap is described in detail. It is the special nature of quantum particles that can give quantum computing an advantage over its classical counterpart. They have allowed experimental demonstrations of quantum gates, operations, and algorithms of ever. Ion trap approaches quantum information processing quantum. This model consists of a series of wires representing individual qubits and gates to perform qubit manipulations. Such an ion trap array could feature dedicated zones for storing, manipulation and readout, thus promising a modular hardware for quantum computation and quantum simulation. Theoretical investigations of this approach have shown that it can be used for faulttolerant quantum computing even in the presence of noisy and lossy links 10 when combined with entanglement purification 11. Aug 10, 2011 a new type of ion trap quantum technology has been developed that uses microwave radiation to perform computations.
This report considers hardware and software requirements. Abstract a scalable trapped ion based quantum computing architecture requires the capability to optically address individual ions at several wavelengths. Blueprint for a microwave trapped ion quantum computer. May 12, 2009 stock, a postdoc at the university of toronto, points out that ion trap quantum computing has made a lot of progress in the last 10 years. The motion of trapped ions can be accurately controlled in the quantum regime. The opinions expressed in this document are those of the technology experts panel members and are subject to change. This document constitutes the most recent draft of the ion trap detailed summary in the process of developing a roadmap for achieving quantum computation qc. Oxford iontrap quantum computing project article pdf available in philosophical transactions of the royal society a mathematical physical and engineering sciences 3611808. The user must be able to extract a final measurement.
Experimental comparison of two quantum computing architectures. Codesigning a scalable quantum computer with trapped atomic. Inaugural article computer sciences experimental comparison of two quantum computing architectures norbert m. The ion trap quantum information processor andrew steane department of physics, university of oxford clarendon laboratory, parks road, oxford, ox1 3pu, england. Trapped ion quantum computing, simulation, and sensing john bollinger, nist, boulder co. We work on experimental implementation of quantum computation and quantum communication using single trapped ions and single photons, and the hybrid atomphoton entangled state. The implementation is based on an optimized singleconductor design, which can be thought of as the prototype of a scalable multiqubit gate module for an ion trap quantum. Centre for quantum computer technology, the university of queensland, qld 4072 australia. Ion trap quantum computing 12 may 2009, by miranda marquit right now, classical computers are faster than quantum computers, rene stock. Requirements for quantum computing perhaps the most critical, universal aspect of quantum computers is the closedboxrequirement. Mar 11, 2020 we trap ions to investigate various aspects of quantum physics and quantum information. To find out more about nqit, please visit our website. Quantum computing requires a composite quantum system that fulfils certain condi tions.
Nature physics 6, 16 2010 choose the duration and power. Ion trap quantum computing with warm ions milburn 2000. A trapped ion quantum computer is one proposed approach to a largescale quantum computer. Quantum computing in cryogenic systems montana instruments. Furthermore, we provide guidance for building a course module on ion trap based quantum computing. These protocols allow for the implementation of arbitrary long quantum algorithms with out perfect control. Upon realizing the basic building blocks of quantum computation, researchers began focusing their attention on how to scale such a machine to the large number of qubits needed for implementing complex quantum algorithms. Other issues, such as electricfield drift and opticalfield noise can be exacerbated as the ion trap systems are scaled. Apr 08, 2019 trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing qc.
Invited paper the ion trap quantum information processor. We are primarily an experimental group, testing and developing ideas in quantum computing using lasermanipulated trapped ions. Quantum computation roadmap quantum information science. Oxford iontrap quantum computing project oxford physics. Scalable ion trap quantum computing without moving ions. The basic requirements for universal qc have all been demonstrated with ions and quantum algorithms using few ion qubit systems have been implemented. Multilayer ion trap technology for scalable quantum computing. Design and operation of the trapped ion quantum computer.
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